Kingdom Animalia: Sponges to Mammals     Animals are:
Eukaryotic

Multicellular

Heterotrophic

Have embryonic devel.

Characteristics of Animals

Animals are eukaryotic. (They have cells with a nucleus.) Animals are multicellular. (They have many cells.) Animals are heterotrophic. (That means they have to eat food) Animals develop from an embryo.(They change form as they mature.)

There are lots of animals: When we study animals, we sort them into groups called phyla

Phylum Porifera Sponges are animals that anchor in a location and filter food and other substances from the water around them.

Phylum Cnidaria Cnidarians include organisms like the jellyfish and hydra. They are renowned for their stinging tentacles and a body cavity called the coelenteron, used for feeding and circulation.

Phylum Platyhelminthes Members of the Phylum Platyhelminthes are flat worms. Tapeworms, flukes, and planarians are members of this group.

Phylum Nematoda Nematodes include the smooth roundworms. Many of these organisms are parasitic, but some, like these members of the genus Ascaris, are free-swimming.

Phylum Annelida Annelids are segmented worms. They include such organisms as the polychaete worms (the bristle worms) like this one And the common earthworms, like these

Phylum Mollusca Mollusks have soft bodies covered by a flap of tissue called the MANTLE. Many mollusks have shells, but some, like the squid, have a very small internal shell, and others, like the slug, have no shell at all.

Phylum Arthropoda The phylum arthropoda includes organisms that have segmented bodies and jointed appendages. Classes include crustacean, insecta, and chelicerata ( arachnids) Phylum Echinodermata

The phylum Echinodermata includes spiny organisms with an endoskeleton. This phylum includes organisms like starfish, sea urchins, sand dollars, sea cucumbers, and brittle stars. Brittlestars
Brittlestars were given their name because their arms fall off or break very easily.

Phylum Chordata Chordates are animals that have a notochord a dorsal nerve tube pharyngeal gill slits a post-anal tail at some point in their life cycle.

Chordates:

Class Agnatha Members of the class Agnatha have no jaws. They DO have a sucking mouth that can be used to attach to the side of a host organism and a rasping tongue that they use to penetrate to softer body tissues. They have cartilage skeletons, no fins, and no scales.

Class Chondrichtheyes. Sharks and rays have biting jaws, paired fins, and placoid scales. On these hammerhead sharks you can see the gill slits, distinctive dorsal fin and paired pectoral fins used to control depth.

Class Osteichtheyes Fish have scales, paired fins, gill covers, biting jaws, and an internal bony skeleton.

Class Amphibia Amphibians are moist so that they can exchange gases through their skin. Many go through metamorphosis during their lifetime.

Class Reptilia Reptiles lay amniotic eggs and have dry, scaly, water-tight skin.

Class Aves Birds are endothermic organisms that lay amniotic eggs. They are also associated with: feathers, large breast muscles, hollow bones, and air sacs. All of these feature are adaptations for flight.

Mammals Mammals are endothermic organisms that have mammary glands and hair or fur.